DIRECTIONS:
1.
Select
a new page in your Spiral lab notebook,
2.
Fill
in the top portion of the first page only. Take the following steps:
step 1 – print your last name followed by printing your first name
in the box entitled NAME; step 2- Place the name
Chapter 13 Overview in the box entitled EXPERIMENT/SUBJECT; step 3 – leave EXP
NUMBER blank;
step 4 – Place the due date 15 FEBRUARY 2008 in the box entitled DATE; step 5 – leave LAB
PARTNER and LOCKER/DESK NO. blank; step 6 – place C.P. Chemistry period
___ in the box labeled COURSE AND SECTION NO.
3.
Read
Chapter 13; text pages 398 - 439 and summarize what you read using the outline listed
below.
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REMINDER
– GRADING SYLLABUS: BASED UPON CLARITY AND NEATNESS
1.
A
= THREE PAGES
2.
B
= TWO PAGES
3.
C
= ONE PAGE
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DESCRIBING
THE PROPERTIES OF GASES
-
COMMON GAS PRESSURE UNITS ARE: mmHg =
torr; ATMOSPHERE = atm; and PASCAL = Pa.
-
THE
SI UNIT FOR PRESSURE IS PASCAL
(Pa)
-
THE
FOUR GAS LAWS ARE: BOYLE, CHARLES, GAY-LUSSAC AND AVOGADRO.
-
BOYLEÕS
LAW DEALS WITH INVERSE PROPORTION BETWEEN VOLUME AND PRESSURE.
-
CHARLEÕS
LAW DEALS WITH DIREWCT PROPORTION BETWEEN VOLUME AND TEMPERATURE.
-
AVOGADROÕS
LAW DEALS WITH DIRECT RELATION BETWEEN THE NUMBER IF MOLES AND VOLUME FOR AN
IDEAL GAS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.
-
GAY-LUSSACÕS
LAW DEALS WITH DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE.
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USING GAS
LAWS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
-
THE
GENERAL GAS LAW WHICH COMBINES BOYLEÕS, CHARLEÕS AND GAY LUSSAC IS LISTED AS:
(P1)(V1)
= (P2)(V2) NOTE, WHEN READING A PROBLEM, IF THE
TERM ÒMOLEÓ IS NOT LISTED,
(T1) (T2) YOU
USE THIS FORMULA.
a.
P1
IS THE INITIAL PRESSURE
b.
P2
IS THE FINAL PRESSURE
c.
VI
IS THE INITIAL VOLUME
d.
V2
IS THE FINAL VOLUME
e.
T1
IS THE INITIAL PRESSURE
f.
T2
IS THE IFNAL TEMPERATURE
-
THE
IDEAL GAS LAW WHICH DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN P, V, n, T AND R IS:
PV = nRT WHEREBY R IS THE UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT AND
ITS UNITS ARE: 0.0206 L . atm
mol . K.
-
DALTONÕS
LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES STATES THE TOTAL PRESSURE OF A MIXTURE OF A MIXTURE OF
GASES IS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF THE INDIVIUAL (PARTIAL) PRESSURES OF THE GASES: PTOTAL = P1
+ P2 + P3 + P4 + ETC.
-
STANDARD
PRESSURE IS 1 atm AND STANDARD TEMPERATURE IS 273 K - ( ? OC +
273).
-
VOLUME OF 1 MOL OF AN IDEAL GAS (THE
MOLAR VOLUME) IS 22.4 L AT STP.
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USING A
MODEL TO DESCRIBE GASES
-
KINETIC
MOLECULAR THEORY(KMT) IS A MODEL TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN P, V, n,
T FOR AN IDEAL GAS .
-
A
LAW IS A SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION.
-
A
MODEL OR THEORY IS AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN OBSERVED BEHAVIOR.
-
THE
TEMPERATURE OF AN IDEAL GAS REFLECTS THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE GAS
PARTTICLES.
-
THE
PRESSURE OF A GAS INCREASES WHEN ITS TEMPERATURE INCREASES BECAUSE THE GAS
MOLECEULS SPEED UP.
-
THE
VOLUME OF A GAS MUST INCREASE BECAUSE THE GAS PARTICLES SPEED UP AS A GASIS
HEATED TO A HIGHER TEMPERATURE.